ThinkQuest NBC Universal Digital Media Project
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OUR TEAM WON THE SCIFI CHANNEL VISIONS FOR TOMORROW AWARD!
A Galactic Evening
By Christine Rogers, Ph.D.
On March 17th 2009, three Hendrick Hudson High School students and, I, their teacher went to the United Nations for a very special evening.
The United Nations was hosting a special panel on human rights and terrorism, in relation to a science fiction show, Battlestar Galactica, which explores numerous issues of ethics and politics very relevant to the post-9/11 world. In a society where information is critical and the media detain power to influence the people, The United Nations developed recently a new program to explore ways to reach out to the public through the use of media and make some of their work more accessible. In that spirit of communication, the actors and producers of Battlestar Galactica were invited at the United Nations to discuss the show and its relevance in today’s world. Present on the panel were Battlestar Galactica producers, Ronald D. Moore and David Eick, and actors, Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell. Whoppi Goldberg, a long time fan of the show, was leading the discussion as a moderator. United Nations representatives, Craig Mokhiber (office of human rights), Radhika Coomaraswamy (special representative for children and armed conflict), Robert Orr (Policy Planning), and Famatta Rose Osode (Permanent Mission of Liberia) commented on Battlestar Galactica clips, illustrating humanitarian and political issues relevant to the role of the United Nations in the world. The topics explored were: Human Rights, Children and Armed Conflicts, Terrorism and Reconciliation and Dialogue among Civilizations and Faiths.
Additionally, a hundred high school students were invited to actively participate to the panel in an initiative led by Visions for Tomorrow, an affiliated SciFi Channel organization promoting education through the use of science fiction, and ThinkQuest NYC, a non-profit organization training high school students in media communication in New York City schools and neighboring areas.
The SciFi show, Battlestar Galactica (often renamed BSG by those who do not want to scare off the candid public), has a deceiving name, kitsch and out of the 70’s, when it originated and was recreated from, but it has been applauded as one of the best shows on TV today and received the prestigious Peabody award for media in 2005. Set in an apocalyptic world, destroyed by a relentless war and emotionally reminiscent of the post 9/11 situation, the human race is getting obliterated by an enemy it has created, a race of robots evolved androids, the Cylons. So far, this premise is common to several science fiction shows and movies. But BSG took the story far beyond the conventional story lines of traditional action based science fiction by providing a creative lens to look at our own world. The show explored in depth issues of ethics, related to our own political decisions: Against an enemy which cannot be destroyed, how much of your moral and ethical values are you willing to sacrifice for the survival of the human race? Against an enemy, which is not human, which methods would one agree to use to win a war? Are torture and terrorism acceptable? Which freedoms would you forfeit in the name of survival? When all political and legal representations have been disseminated, how do you govern a population? Which are the right choices when society has been obliterated? BSG disturbed us by exposing our weaknesses, our inadequacies and failures in a time where America was struggling with important ethical issues, linked to terrorism, war, torture, religious agendas and freedom.
The ethics of politics and government was only one aspect of our society explored in BSG. The use of technology for self-gratifying purposes led to the annihilation of the human society in the BSG universe and the survivors not only had to struggle with the implications of the technological dehumanization that led to their demise, but also with the meaning of consciousness when this consciousness was expressed in artificial beings. The story telling brought the public to consider and question our own humanity and define it beyond the biological into the spiritual. Once their enemies were shown to possess individual consciousness, moral values and the ability to make their own personal ethical choices, their ‘humanity’ extended beyond the physical and biological representation of their artificial bodies to a spiritual representation of what it meant to be human. While destroying a machine does not disturb most of us, it becomes an entirely different matter if this machine is capable of consciousness, experiencing pain, emotions, self-awareness and morality. This exploration of humanity was critical in the show, defining what makes us different from one another, and what makes us similar. It forced us to consider forgiveness in time of war and to reflect on ways to reconcile those differences with compassion, based on our unique ability to be human. This is essentially why BSG was represented at the United Nations and why it is so important to use it as an educational tool.
Young generations are more tuned in to the media than ever before. Good science fiction shows can bring students to awareness of a variety of political and ethical issues, they never would have explored otherwise. Ethics applied to politics, science and technology, philosophical implications and legal work on policy can be very dry to teach to high school students thus discouraging them to explore those ideas. ThinkQuest NYC and Visions for Tomorrow have understood that the media is not just for entertainment, but can be used as an effective tool to teach skills and complicated concepts. This achievement was the real miracle of the United Nation panel with the BSG producers and stars. Our students, Naimah Hakim, Doug Domingo and Cassandra Rogers along with about one hundred other students from the New York region, not only attended the United Nation panel, asked relevant questions to the open microphone session, but took with them an incredibly rich experience of the event. Naimah Hakim asked a key question about technology and its perils, which was answered by Ronald D. Moore, David Eick and Edward James Olmos with eagerness and a warning that it is not just technology but its ill uses, which would lead to ethical issues in modern society and in days to come. These issues need to be discussed and thought about in our society as science evolves constantly in new developments. These ideas were clearly illustrated in the BSG finale episodes, where the humans decided to leave behind most of their technology and return to a simpler way of life, and in the new project of Ronald D. Moore, Caprica (a BSG prequel), which explores how technology’s misuse led to the destruction of the human race. Interviewed by journalists of BBC news, Wall Street Journal and NPR, the Hen Hud students were then invited briefly to meet with the actors, Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, which was quite a remarkable experience for all of us.
The experience did not stop at the end of the evening. Invited to participate to the “Visions for Tomorrow Challenge”, part of the NBC Universal Digital Media Competition, our students worked on producing a five minute movie on one of the topics relevant to the show and enter it in the competition. In one month, aside from their normal school hours, our team drafted a proposal and script for the movie, researched and read on the topic, found visual resources and obtained permissions to use copyrighted material for educational use, interviewed other students and their assistant principal and contacted Mary McDonnell for an exclusive interview, which she generously granted us.
Our team decided in this movie to explore the way women are represented in the media, especially in the light of Mary McDonnell’s character in BSG, Laura Roslin, who unprepared for the task, becomes president in war time conditions, and has to make difficult and controversial choices to ensure the survival of humanity. The BSG universe showed us a society where women are treated professionally equally as men and where gender does not seem to matter. As for other important themes of BSG, the artistic rendering of a gender unbiased society forced us to undergo a reflective and introspective analysis of the flaws of our modern society. The show went beyond the traditional portrayals of women, by showing us women characters very different from one another and presented in a non-judgmental way, which forced us to reconsider our own gender biases. The representation of women in BSG immediately contrasts with the general representation of women in today’s pop culture and the students made this contrast the main theme of their movie, sharply criticizing women’s images in the media and their influence on young girls. The students wanted especially to focus on how our world is opening up to women in leadership positions and they challenge they face. The discussion with Mary McDonnell was especially enlightening in this respect. Her character in BSG, President Roslin, over four seasons of the show had to face many difficult decisions, some of them very disturbing. The actress reflected on these choices which clearly contrasted some of her personal political views, but which brought to the attention of the public the difficulty of leadership in tormented times. When confronted with the harsh reality of survival, one often cannot afford sentimentality, as ethical choices become difficult and the thin line between right and wrong becomes awfully blurry. As Laura Roslin affirmed in one episode “Sometimes the right thing is a luxury, and it can have profoundly dangerous consequences.” Mary McDonnell clearly gave a lot of reflection to the purposes, struggles and discoveries of the character, she played. As Laura struggles with cancer, which ultimately kills her, and has a deep crisis of faith, which makes her encounter emptiness, she redefines herself through her connections with others as a human being and a leader. Mary McDonnell’s enlightened contemplation of the ethics of the show, of her multidimensional character’s motivations and psychological dynamics became very apparent in her scholarly conversation with our students, where she shared profound and personal insights on life, death, aging, faith and spirituality. The actress also commented on the role of women in society, family raising and leadership, education, religion and how young women should seek role models which appeal to them and use them as mentors. As more and more world leaders are women, they set a path for others to follow in their steps and they become role models for young girls and women.
Find below some excerpts of Mary McDonnell’s interview with the Hendrick Hudson High School students.
On Laura Roslin Leadership:
Looking back at the evolution of Laura’s character over the years, when do you think the turning point from a professional woman to a leader was?
MM: I think it was an actual slow dawning in a way. I think that right out of the gate she was asked by her fate to make decisions that were really about leadership, they were not about having an opinion or empathy or a point of view, they were really about a solution. So right out of the gate she was forced into a position of having to take responsibility for the good decisions and the bad ones. But I think that in terms of her nature and how she became a leader in a much more natural sense, where it was comfortable and she was comfortable in her own skin as a leader, it really took her half way through season two. She started to understand that she had something organically that was useful here and she started to trust herself more. Through the last season she had learned a great deal about leadership and it think she had welcomed it.
You said at some point that Laura had to become though and shed her feminine side in order to rule and it was tough for you. Do you think that for a woman to become a leader she has to lose her feminine side. Why do you think that is the case?
MM: I don’t the think it is the case for every women. I think that women are being raised now fortunately in a more balanced manner and the idea of having a masculine feminine balance in human being is more natural to our culture. I do believe that Laura at her age and at my age grew up in a time when we were given very mixed signals about our masculine side. So that in order for a woman who hadn’t aspired to a traditional male leadership role or training for it or delving within her own consciousness to find our how to maintain her feminine side assume leadership role. She at the beginning certainly had to develop a kind of toughness that was unnatural to her, because it was underdeveloped in her. But by no means do I think that all women need to shed their feminine in order to rule. I honestly think that as the generations move forward the true feminine warrior will be much more accepted in the culture and much more put to much more profound use in world leadership. I don’t know if that quite answers your question, but that’s kind of how I feel
Often it is expected that women leaders renounce family and personal life. Do you think it is fair when men in power can generally rely on their wives to raise their children?
MM: I think it is probably that complex again. I think, it’s part of what’s taken western culture- Some of western culture that longer to get used to shift of the paradigm allowing women to maintain positions of power and raise families. … It can be very complex task in front of a woman, because we don’t have the same situation here. When you are talking about a mother, a woman, who actually had a child inside her womb, has given birth and has an instinct to protect and survival instinct connected to that child at an emotional level. It is really extreme. And I think that in that sense it’s- It makes it difficult, more difficult for women to be able to compartmentalize their lives. In the traditional sense certainly it was easier for men because they had women raising the children at home. So now, we are looking at a culture that has to ask itself the question: are we truly evolving to the point where certain men would chose to be home for the children, to make the children’s emotions their primary focus. I am not talking about organizing their schedules, to drive them to their ball games or having someone pick them up at school, I am talking about the kind of emotional connection that one needs to raise a child in consciousness. And that is why we adoring Michelle Obama for making the trend at least for now to make the primary focus her kids.
And I think also because of the differences between men and women, generally women are more, you know, with their kids.
MM: they are, I think, because it is inherent in the DNA. In parenting the first process is a kind of psychic emotional connection that makes child rearing very much very much raw and connected.
Well. It is not a judgment. It is really the biology almost.
MM: Yes, it is the biology. I absolutely agree.
On Laura’s cancer:
As Laura gets sicker and sicker with the cancer, she loses her hair and becomes weaker physically. How do you think her physical appearance affects her ability to rule?
MM: Well. It is kind of a mystery what went on in there, because I think what it does when someone is looking very frail- what I noticed with Laura and what I think happened a bit to people in the world when they are struggling with cancer and lose their hair- when you are leading and people see you as struggling or fragile or tired or weakened people end up having empathetic or complex reactions to you. And it is harder for them to follow you. Even the person who is leading feels they still can lead; it creates such a different kind of ripple effect in the people who are following the leader than it becomes inherently more complex. And I think that happened a little bit with Laura but it was also in terms of their story there was something very beautiful about the deeper connection she started to make towards the end of her life. So- kind of- as her body kind of disappeared, I felt that, she became more profoundly connected. The irony! Aha!
What that aspect of the character affecting you personally? When you are playing it?
MM: It was not affecting me personally emotionally, but it was hard to continue to play her physically, because- you know when you are doing a movie about a character who eventually passes away from cancer or whatever- you know that for three months of your life you have an arc to play that you need to commit to and you give it your all but you’re also training to maintain your own physicality and your own psychic ability to separate from the role. It became harder and harder for me to continue to play her week after week after week and I was actually quite grateful when they announced the ending. Not because I wanted to ever leave my fellows actors and Ron and David and the writers- it was the most extraordinary job- but unless you were going to be cured I was not sure how much longer I wanted to put my body through that. Does that makes sense to you?
That must be very draining.
MM: Well it is very interesting. It is a very interesting task, because you have to really work out a lot, because- what I found is that I would raw my body into a certain position all day long and then have to go to a chiropractor, you know. Working so much that I was tired and using my body in ways that were inappropriate to my alignment. Literally. And then you have to go work it out, you know, it really took a lot of focus but it was wonderful to have the task. I learned a lot about acting, playing her. I learned an awful lot.
On aging:
We have noticed that you do not seem to mind playing roles of women who at your age do not seem to worry about aging.
(Laughs)
MM: she’s sitting here in California afraid to go out because of the sun!! (laughs) Go ahead!
Maybe it is the reason why so many women her age related to Laura as a character or why so many younger women identified Laura as a mother character. Why do you think the movie industry has not yet understood that aging is a natural process of life and put more emphasis on celebrating middle age women?
MM: It’s a great question. We talk about it a lot out here in California. (Giggles) It is a tricky thing to navigate, because on the one hand the movie industry had at its core, at least as an old idea glamour and beauty, the big screen particularly. We have evolved beyond that as a culture, we want to see that which is real, that which is gritty, that which is high definition video which show every single aspect of a human being skin and we don’t like our actresses the way we used to be. The irony is that it forces the actresses into doctors’ offices with more botox and more collagen because what used to happen is that the actresses themselves were extremely well lit and it took a lot of time to create movie magic around this difficult image. But we’re in a phase of our culture where it is more television then film. Television seems to be in my opinion leading the way now and we are also very interested in reality television. We are working towards high definition video where you want to see the texture- now you want to see what the skin looks like- you want to see what your pores look like (laughs). It’s just created this extreme fear particularly in middle age women, because we used to be protected by the idea of glamour and lighting. So it’s an irony. We want to see that which is real. But that which is real on a woman, who’s aging, I think we are afraid of it in the culture, not just in Hollywood. When we see men aging, and men do age differently, they wear and tear in a way that that lands differently on their skin, on their body. And women, the feminine, as life invades her and kinds of overwhelms her, you can see- I think it’s a beautiful fragility, as women age. As a culture I don’t think we know how to respond to that yet emotionally and so we keep trying to try to get rid of it and hide it and make it different so that we don’t have to feel. What I think we all feel as we seen our mothers age. I honestly feel there is something so poignant about watching a mother turn into a grandmother turn into a little old lady or whatever it is (laughs). There is something scary to us about loosing the mother or the feminine and I don’t think we’ve got into the point in the culture yet where we are ready today. Everything has its blossom, it has its full bloom and it has its dissolution. We still kind of thinking maybe we can beat that. Maybe we can trick nature into not having to face the end of things, the grief of the end of things.
Maybe it is because our society really sees death as a taboo, as opposed to other societies such as eastern societies for instance.
MM: I think that is absolutely right, we’re really quite turned out about the idea that as opposed of seeing death as just another part of the process of being alive, and so much of the western thinking is about avoiding death at all costs.
I thought that was really interesting about the character of Laura, because she really accepted her death, which was very tough for her at the beginning. But it seems to me, you know, towards the end she really was at peace with herself.
MM: I think so too. To me it is one of the great gift of the role. Ron really clearly wanted to go there towards the end, wanted her death to be a peaceful one where she thought her job was done and that it wasn’t terrifying, and it wasn’t- she was quite- she was in a lot of pain, but she was ready and I think that we do not see that a lot.
On Charisma:
The show especially shows that in both leadership and in television there is a very fine difference between charisma and beauty. And as the show progressed it became more and more evident.
MM: Oh yeah, that is a good point! That is a very good point and I think that charisma is a very interesting word to use. So, I can’t remember where I was. I’ve been in several countries and whatever, hum with Battlestar, but we had a conversation at a huge event about the energy of charisma and what that really is and how does a human being contact their own charisma because it is really that energy that charisma. That anyone, if they can contact it within themselves, becomes attractive. It doesn’t really matter what the exterior is if one can contact ones own charisma.
Exactly
MM: that is kind of a good point that you make.
On girls and leadership:
From you point of view what do you think the biggest obstacles in girls reaching leadership positions in our society are?
MM: I think the biggest obstacle is popular culture. I think- maybe lets take it back- I think that there [are] two obstacles, hopefully- if one is not receiving a good education it is almost impossible. I think education is the key to everything- the beginning of everything. But even if someone who is able to access and afford education, popular culture can really take the mind into a territory that does not have a lot of productivity associated with it. And I think we have, we get overwhelmed by pop culture and we end up by not using a lot of our mental energy. And if you stop using it the lack of exercise does to our brains what it does to our bodies. Girls, young women, need to be very aware that they need to remove themselves consciously at times from the world of pop culture, because it is signaling to them especially in western culture that girls can be powerful but they are still very, very, attached to a lot of very mundane ideas. Power is attached to the mundane and pop culture. I think we still have to as women and young women work very, very, hard and stay focused and disciplined in order to achieve positions of leadership if that is what we are inspiring to.
If you could send a message to middle and high school girls, what would it be?
MM: Humm. That is such a great question. I think that the message I’d like to send to them is that they are way, way, more powerful and capable then what the culture is signaling to them that they are. And if there is one thing I would suggest they could do is to start to explore some spiritual and metaphysical ideas in middle school and high school for girls that could get their mind working at full capacity and allow them to sidestep some of these cultural impediment to becoming fully self meditated and aware. I really honestly feel that middle school and high school in America can take young women and [realize] them, you know. In elementary school they thought they can do and say anything, do anything they want and be anyone they wanted. And there is a certain element in our culture that can fear them out of that into a much more generalized lifestyle…
On Leadership, Faith and Spirituality:
In season 4 Laura faces a big crisis of faith, up until this point she followed the scriptures and believed she had a mission that was spiritual. Do you think it is right for a political leader to invest so much into religion and make some political decisions based on faith only?
MM: I think that- let me answer two different things. One is that, part of what happened with Laura was that she experienced visions, truly of things which she felt were appropriate to survival. So her faith was not necessarily religious if you understand what I mean. Her faith was based in sight whether or not this sight was valuable- It was valuable- but whether or not one could judge it because did it come from a drug induced situation or did the drugs help her access another territory- other areas of information that we all have around us. That was never really answered for me. But her- She did not have a traditionally religious kind of faith- Now that’s Laura. In terms of how I feel personally about our leaders, I think faith in itself is a fantastic element in life. I don’t think we really can exercise even our imagination without the idea of faith being accessible to us. I think the spirituality is important, phenomenally important element in our life. I think if someone is practicing religion that makes them more loving and kind to others and more compassionate it is a good religion, period. How does a leader combines the truth of whatever faith they have and political leadership, I think, needs to be expressed as a very personal thing. I don’t think one’s faith should influence one’s policy. But I do think that if one has a practicing faith and happens to be a leader the appearance of love of one’s faith or the practice one’s faith does not need to be hidden. I think it is a good example.
But it could really influence the political decisions if you look at the Bush administration for instance. (Laughs)
MM: the Bush administration confused faith with policy… you know what I am saying?
Exactly.
MM: … It was inappropriate. I don’t, hum- I think that if you look- I think what I can tell right now the differences between George Bush and his family and Barrack Obama and his family. Barrack Obama and Michelle are clearly people of faith. They go to church. They refer to God. But I don’t see so far in his governing, in his policy and in his ideas a sort of faith based politics at all. His ideas seem to me very relevant into solving a situation around the world and into opening doors in the mind and in the perception of countries to each other and opening doors to understanding our environment and all of his policy seems to be about solutions and opening. And I think in the case of George Bush, his faith stimulated closing.
On Women Role Models:
Who would you consider as a woman role model for girls?
MM: I think there are many, many, women out there who are extraordinary and I think a young girls role model. I think it is very important that young girls understand what that means to develop a role model. In other words- it doesn’t- to me I could say: “oh… this person can be a role model for this person” but that would not necessarily apply to that person. I think the idea of choosing a role model is what’s important, of having conversation, of having education of a young girl that says to her. There are people out there in the world. There are women out there in the world that are doing remarkable things and you must go explore them and find someone that really, really, stimulates your passion. And it makes you smile and it makes you say: I want to be like that. And then you make that person your role model and you find everything you can about them, and let’s find you a mentor in high school or let’s find a woman in your neighborhood, in your town, in your faculty, who is applying themselves in a way that excites your passion. Ask that person if they would be your mentor. To me what’s really important is that we keep stimulating the idea that mentoring role modeling is a hugely important part in growing into full capacity.
On Laura’s Political Decisions:
What do you think was the toughest decision Laura had to make politically?
MM: I think there were two things…there were many, many, things, but I think there were two moments where I really felt like sort of having the air knocked out of me. hum - was when she had to ban abortion…I had such a hard time with that. I think Eddie spoke about that at the UN. It was inconceivable to me. (laughs)- you know what I mean?
Because I support it. And I had to work very, very, hard as an actress to commit. But also the idea that, hum, the [genocide] idea… it was really on-going but when it became sort of the idea of genocide as a way to survive, destroying an entire population of people in order to create survival for one’s own. It’s a very difficult thing to really truly commit to even though one understands what happens to people in a survival mode and doesn’t want to be responsible for the eradication of the human species, because you did not make the right choice to protect them…But having to truly commit to those two ideas were pretty hard for me (laughs)
I think it would be hard for anyone.
MM: it did not really jog with my politics.
On Boys Advocating for Women’s Rights:
A big part of raising girls to be leaders is to educate the boys in our society too. How do we get boys to advocate women’s rights?
MM: We may say: How do we steer boys out of the pitfalls of popular culture when they’re going through puberty for example. How do we keep them away from seeing girls as object, because it is really hard to take a young boy, who is being bombarded with images of woman as object, or woman as sexual object, which is, you know, everywhere, right? And then have them in the same sort of territory, say, I am going to support women’s rights. Right away they experience seeing themselves as hypocritical. And to experience oneself that way usually, in my experience as a human being, usually creates kind of inaction and sort of shame. And I think young men and boys have to be helped to understand that the lesser they create woman as objects and the more they create women as equal, the less shame they feel, the more powerful they feel, the better they are. And I am not sure that is really stated often in our culture. That men that are able to remove themselves from the concept of women as object are actually- can end up touching on great reserves of masculine power in the face of supporting women’s right. So making the idea a little more glamorous on the culture, or more romantic, or more appealing, or something for young boys- I think it might work- (laughs)…
It is important…it is worth a try.
Especially at ages where they can’t really tell fully the difference for themselves.. especially with the hypocrisy.
MM: totally- and they really can’t tell the difference, because they’re being overwhelmed, you know, they’re being overwhelmed by their hormones first of all (laughs) so it is almost impossible to see the forest and the trees anyway. And now because of the internet, and because of the access on their television set or whatever, they are bombarded with women as objects and then to sort of, you know- A lot of schools are doing a really great job of trying to support women’s rights and develop consciousness of men about it but once again I felt about like we’re fighting about the culture and this sort of money making culture and the greed, the cultural greed, I think all of the imbalance comes out of greed factor…and then a product is created. And then you know- I’m sorry I’m talking to much- Go ahead-
…
On Media Industry and World Women Leaders:
What would you change in the media industry? You are working as an actress, you know, doing movies… how do you think… what would you do to change the way women are represented?
MM: I think it is beginning to change. I am seeing more and more women, especially in television, who are beginning to experience or articulate if- either they’re demonstrating balance masculine feminine or they’re articulating the problem of having the imbalance. And I think as more women are working in the industry in positions of power, more women are assuming that their ideas are worth being articulated, more women are paying to see the ideas and men are interested in women’s stories. Then the balance starts to emerge slowly and I do really thing it is happening. I do think women are being listened to and are being explored. That states that there are fantastic female leaders all over the world now. I think our country could do with a little more exposure to that!
I think so too.
MM: I think that would help American girls to understand. And there are a lot of American girls who are very excited as they should be about Hillary Clinton, and should continue to be excited about her, who don’t realize there are women in political leadership all over the world. You know what I am saying. And I think understanding and being more involved on a global level is going to help everyone, because women can help each other all over the world really. The more information we have about each other the more the feminine kind of rises together and the more the men and the young men will be so much happier, because they won’t be caught between this sort of divisive idea like the old Madonna/whore what ever that old symbol was….
We all want to wish you a Happy Birthday. I know it is coming up in one week.
MM: Oh Thank you. Thank you so very much. You are so lovely. I am sorry I do not have more time. The questions were fantastic and if there is anything you want me to clarify, ‘cause I do have a funny way of speaking sometimes, (laughs), sometimes people read about it then, and say ‘what’s the syntax there!’ Just let me know and I can clarify anything… Bye everybody, thank you.
Thank you so much.
MM: good luck… bye bye.
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Related Links
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NPR reports on the BSG United Nations panel
See the article on the event and listen to the NPR broadcast featuring an interview with our students.